Ceres
From Terpsichore
_(cropped).jpg) Ceres in true colour in 2015 | |||||||||
| Discovery[1] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovered by | Giuseppe Piazzi | ||||||||
| Discovery date | 1 January 1801 | ||||||||
| Designations | |||||||||
| 1 Ceres | |||||||||
| Pronunciation | /ˈsɪəriːz/, SEER-eez) | ||||||||
Named after | Cerēs | ||||||||
| Adjectives | Cererian, -ean (/sɪˈrɪəriən/) | ||||||||
| Symbol | 24px|⚳| (historically astronomical, now mostly astrological) | ||||||||
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |||||||||
| Epoch 21 January 2022 (JD| 2459600.5 ) | |||||||||
| Aphelion | 2.98 AU (446 million km) | ||||||||
| Perihelion | 2.55 AU (381 million km) | ||||||||
| 2.77 AU (414 million km) | |||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.0785 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Average orbital speed | 17.9 km/s | ||||||||
| 291.4° | |||||||||
| Inclination |
| ||||||||
| 80.3° | |||||||||
| 7 December 2022 | |||||||||
| 73.6° | |||||||||
| Satellites | None | ||||||||
| Proper orbital elements[5] | |||||||||
Proper semi-major axis | 2.77 AU | ||||||||
Proper eccentricity | 0.116 | ||||||||
Proper inclination | 9.65° | ||||||||
Proper mean motion | 78.2 deg / yr | ||||||||
Proper orbital period | 4.60358 yr (1681.458 d) | ||||||||
Precession of perihelion | 54.1 arcsec / yr | ||||||||
Precession of the ascending node | −59.2 arcsec / yr | ||||||||
| Physical characteristics | |||||||||
| Dimensions | (966.2 × 962.0 × 891.8) ± 0.2 km[6] | ||||||||
Mean diameter | 939.4±0.2 km[6] | ||||||||
| 2,772,368 km2 | |||||||||
| Volume | 434,130,000±500,000 km3[7] | ||||||||
| Mass | |||||||||
Mean density | 2.1616±0.0025 g/cm3[7] | ||||||||
Equatorial surface gravity | |||||||||
| 0.36±0.15[8] (estimate) 1141 mph | |||||||||
Equatorial rotation velocity | 1,179.3 m/s | ||||||||
| ≈4° | |||||||||
North pole right ascension | 291.42744°[9] | ||||||||
North pole declination | 66.76033°[10] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| C[12] | |||||||||
| 3.34[2] | |||||||||
| 0.854″ to 0.339″ | |||||||||
Ceres (pronounced /ˈsɪəriːz/,[15] SEER-eez), minor-planet designation 1 Ceres, is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was the first asteroid discovered, on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi at Palermo Astronomical Observatory in Sicily and announced as a new planet. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside Neptune's orbit.
References
- ↑ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (5th ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1 Ceres". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ↑ "On The New Planet Ceres". A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts. 1802. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ↑ Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (July 2012). "The solar system's invariable plane". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 543: 11. Bibcode:2012A&A...543A.133S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219011. A133.
- ↑ "AstDyS-2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo‐Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017). "Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 122 (11): 2267–2293. doi:10.1002/2017JE005302. S2CID 133739176.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Park, R.S.; Vaughan, A.T.; Konopliv, A.S.; Ermakov, A.I.; Mastrodemos, N.; Castillo-Rogez, J.C.; Joy, S.P.; Nathues, A.; Polanskey, C.A.; Rayman, M.D.; Riedel, J.E.; Raymond, C.A.; Russell, C.T.; Zuber, M.T. (February 2019). "High-resolution shape model of Ceres from stereophotoclinometry using Dawn Imaging Data". Icarus. 319: 812–827. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024. S2CID 126268402.
- ↑ Mao, X.; McKinnon, W. B. (2018). "Faster paleospin and deep-seated uncompensated mass as possible explanations for Ceres' present-day shape and gravity". Icarus. 299: 430–442. Bibcode:2018Icar..299..430M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.033.
- ↑ Konopliv, A.S.; Park, R.S.; Vaughan, A.T.; Bills, B.G.; Asmar, S.W.; Ermakov, A.I.; Rambaux, N.; Raymond, C.A.; Castillo-Rogez, J.C.; Russell, C.T.; Smith, D.E.; Zuber, M.T. (2018). "The Ceres gravity field, spin pole, rotation period and orbit from the Dawn radiometric tracking and optical data". Icarus. 299: 411–429. Bibcode:2018Icar..299..411K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.005.
- ↑ "Asteroid Ceres P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file". NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
- ↑ Tosi, F.; Capria, M. T.; et al. (2015). "Surface temperature of dwarf planet Ceres: Preliminary results from Dawn". 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 11960. Bibcode:2015EGUGA..1711960T. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ↑ Rivkin, A. S.; Volquardsen, E. L.; Clark, B. E. (2006). "The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays" (PDF). Icarus. 185 (2): 563–567. Bibcode:2006Icar..185..563R. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
- ↑ King, Bob (5 August 2015). "Let's Get Serious About Ceres". [[wikipedia:Sky & Telescope|]]. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ↑ "Asteroid (1) Ceres – Summary". AstDyS-2. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ↑ "Ceres". [[wikipedia:Lexico|]] UK English Dictionary. [[wikipedia:Oxford University Press|]]. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020.
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