Ceres: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox planet
{{infobox XSettlement
| minorplanet = yes
| name     = Ceres
| background = #D6D6D6
| image    = [[File:Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg|300px|A photo of the crater-marked surface of Ceres]]
| name = 1 Ceres
| caption  = Ceres in true color in 2015
| symbol = [[wikipedia:File:Ceres symbol (bold).svg|24px|⚳|]] (historically astronomical, now mostly astrological)
 
| image = Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg
 
| caption = Ceres in true colour in 2015
  | population = 6 million documented citizens
| discovery_ref = <ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmadel |first=Lutz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15 |title=Dictionary of minor planet names |publisher=Springer |year=2003 |isbn=978-3-540-00238-3 |edition=5th |location=Germany |page=15 |author-link=Lutz D. Schmadel |access-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216235253/https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15 |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
  | government = United Nations
| discoverer = [[wikipedia:Giuseppe Piazzi|Giuseppe Piazzi]]
| discovered = 1 January 1801
| mpc_name = 1 Ceres
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}}, {{respell|SEER|eez}})
| named_after = [[wikipedia:Ceres (mythology)|Cerēs]]
| alt_names = <!--{{Hlist
| A899 OF
| 1943 XB
}}-->
| adjectives = Cererian, -ean ({{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|r|ɪər|i|ə|n}})
| mp_category = {{Ubl
|[[wikipedia:dwarf planet|dwarf planet]]
|[[wikipedia:asteroid|asteroid]]
}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpl_sbdb" />
| epoch = 21 January 2022 ([[wikipedia:Julian day|JD|]] 2459600.5 )
| aphelion = {{Convert|{{sigfig|2.98318|3}}|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=on}}
| perihelion = {{Convert|{{sigfig|2.54891|3}}|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}}
| time_periastron = 7 December 2022
| semimajor = {{Convert|{{sigfig|2.76604|3}}|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}}
| eccentricity = {{val|{{sigfig|0.0785010|3}}}}
| period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|4.60041|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr]]|{{val|{{sigfig|1680.300|3}}|u=d}}}}
| synodic_period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|1.278|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr]]|{{sigfig|466.6|4}} [[wikipedia:Julian day|d|]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts |date=1802 |language=en |chapter=On The New Planet Ceres |access-date=29 May 2022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529201716/https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| inclination = {{ubl|{{val|{{sigfig|10.58769|3}}|u=°}} to [[wikipedia:ecliptic|ecliptic]]|9.20° to [[wikipedia:invariable plane|invariable plane]]<ref name="Souami_Souchay_2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Souami |first1=D. |last2=Souchay |first2=J. |date=July 2012 |title=The solar system's invariable plane |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=543 |pages=11 |bibcode=2012A&A...543A.133S |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219011 |id=A133 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| arg_peri = {{val|{{sigfig|73.63704|3}}|u=°}}
| asc_node = {{val|{{sigfig|80.26860|3}}|u=°}}
| mean_anomaly = {{val|{{sigfig|291.37560|4}}|ul=°}}
| avg_speed = {{val|{{sigfig|17.905|3}}|u=km/s}}
| p_orbit_ref = <ref name="Ceres-POE">{{Cite web |title=AstDyS-2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121225850/http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1 |archive-date=21 November 2011 |access-date=1 October 2011 |publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy}}</ref>
| p_semimajor = {{val|{{sigfig|2.7670962|3}}}}
| p_eccentricity = {{val|{{sigfig|0.1161977|3}}}}
| p_inclination = {{val|{{sigfig|9.6474122|3}}|u=°}}
| p_mean_motion = {{sigfig|78.193318|3}}
| perihelion_rate = {{val|{{sigfig|54.070272|3}}}}
| node_rate = {{val|{{sigfig|-59.170034|3}}}}
| satellites = None
| allsatellites = yes
| dimensions = {{nowrap|(966.2 × 962.0 × 891.8) ± 0.2 km}}<ref name="Ermakov2017">{{cite journal |last1=Ermakov |first1=A. I. |last2=Fu |first2=R. R. |last3=Castillo‐Rogez |first3=J. C. |last4=Raymond |first4=C. A. |last5=Park |first5=R. S. |last6=Preusker |first6=F. |last7=Russell |first7=C. T. |last8=Smith |first8=D. E. |last9=Zuber |first9=M. T. |title=Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |date=November 2017 |volume=122 |issue=11 |pages=2267–2293 |doi=10.1002/2017JE005302|s2cid=133739176 }}</ref>
| mean_diameter = {{val|939.4|0.2|u=km}}<ref name="Ermakov2017"/>
| surface_area = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|2772368|u=km2}}}}
| volume = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|434130000|500000|u=km3}}<ref name="Park2018"/>}}
| mass = {{ubl|{{val|9.38392|e=20|u=kg|0.00005}}<ref name="Park2018"/>|{{val|0.00016|u=[[wikipedia:Earth mass|Earths]]}}|0.0128 [[wikipedia:Moon|Moon]]s}}
| density = {{val|2.1616|0.0025|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=R.S. |last2=Vaughan |first2=A.T. |last3=Konopliv |first3=A.S. |last4=Ermakov |first4=A.I. |last5=Mastrodemos |first5=N. |last6=Castillo-Rogez |first6=J.C. |last7=Joy |first7=S.P. |last8=Nathues |first8=A. |last9=Polanskey |first9=C.A. |last10=Rayman |first10=M.D. |last11=Riedel |first11=J.E. |last12=Raymond |first12=C.A. |last13=Russell |first13=C.T. |last14=Zuber |first14=M.T. |title=High-resolution shape model of Ceres from stereophotoclinometry using Dawn Imaging Data |journal=Icarus |date=February 2019 |volume=319 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024|s2cid=126268402 }}</ref>
| surface_grav = {{ubl|{{Gr|0.938|469.7|3}} [[wikipedia:Acceleration|m/s{{sup|2}}]]|0.026 [[wikipedia:g-force|''g'']]}}
| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.36|0.15}}<ref name="Mao2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=X. |last2=McKinnon |first2=W. B. |year=2018 |title=Faster paleospin and deep-seated uncompensated mass as possible explanations for Ceres' present-day shape and gravity |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=430–442 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..430M |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.033}}</ref> {{small|(estimate)}}
{{val|{{sigfig|1140.89|4}}|u=mph}}
| rot_velocity = {{val|fmt=commas|1,179.3|u=m/s}}
| right_asc_north_pole = 291.42744°<ref name="Icarus2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Konopliv |first1=A.S. |last2=Park |first2=R.S. |last3=Vaughan |first3=A.T. |last4=Bills |first4=B.G. |last5=Asmar |first5=S.W. |last6=Ermakov |first6=A.I. |last7=Rambaux |first7=N. |last8=Raymond |first8=C.A. |last9=Castillo-Rogez |first9=J.C. |last10=Russell |first10=C.T. |last11=Smith |first11=D.E. |year=2018 |title=The Ceres gravity field, spin pole, rotation period and orbit from the Dawn radiometric tracking and optical data |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=411–429 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..411K |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.005 |last12=Zuber |first12=M.T.}}</ref>
| declination = 66.76033°<ref name="SPICE">{{Cite web |title=Asteroid Ceres P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file |url=http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153501/https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=8 September 2019 |publisher=NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility}}</ref>
| axial_tilt = ≈4°
| albedo = {{val|0.090|0.0033}} {{small|(V-band)}}
| temp_name1 = [[wikipedia:Kelvin|Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = ≈110
| max_temp_1 = 235±4<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Surface temperature of dwarf planet Ceres: Preliminary results from Dawn |journal=46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |first1=F.|last1=Tosi|first2=M. T.|last2=Capria|display-authors=etal|year=2015|page=11960 |bibcode=2015EGUGA..1711960T |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711960T/abstract |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
| spectral_type = [[wikipedia:C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="Rivkin2006">{{Cite journal |last1=Rivkin |first1=A. S. |last2=Volquardsen, E. L. |last3=Clark, B. E. |year=2006 |title=The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays |url=http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Icarus |volume=185 |issue=2 |pages=563–567 |bibcode=2006Icar..185..563R |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128201130/http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 |access-date=8 December 2007}}</ref>
| magnitude = {{ubl
  |7.6<ref name="skyand">{{Cite web |title=Let's Get Serious About Ceres |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/lets-get-serious-about-ceres/|access-date=25 July 2022|last=King|first=Bob|date=5 August 2015 |publisher=[[wikipedia:Sky & Telescope|]]}}</ref>
  | 9.27 {{small|July 2021}}<ref name="AstDys-object" />
}}
| abs_magnitude = {{val|3.34}}<ref name="jpl_sbdb" />
| angular_size = 0.854″ <!--Horizons 1636-Feb-11--> to 0.339″
}}


'''Ceres''' (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ceres |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607191756/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ceres |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 June 2020 |title=Ceres |dictionary=[[wikipedia:Lexico|]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[wikipedia:Oxford University Press|]]}}</ref> {{respell|SEER|eez}}), [[wikipedia:minor-planet designation|minor-planet designation]] '''1 Ceres''', is a [[wikipedia:dwarf planet|dwarf planet]] in the [[wikipedia:asteroid belt|asteroid belt]] between the orbits of [[wikipedia:Mars|Mars]] and [[wikipedia:Jupiter|Jupiter]]. It was the first [[wikipedia:asteroid|asteroid]] discovered, on 1 January 1801, by [[wikipedia:Giuseppe Piazzi|Giuseppe Piazzi]] at [[wikipedia:Palermo Astronomical Observatory|Palermo Astronomical Observatory]] in [[wikipedia:Sicily|Sicily]] and announced as a new [[wikipedia:planet|planet]]. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside [[wikipedia:Neptune|Neptune]]'s orbit.


== References ==
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}}
{{Reflist|refs=
| demonym    = Cerecian, -ean ({{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|r|ɪər|i|ə|n}})


<ref name="jpl_sbdb">{{Cite web |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1 Ceres |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609120950/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=ceres |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |publisher=JPL Solar System Dynamics}}</ref>
| diameter = 940km (before surface mining)
| gravity  = 0.3g (interior spin)<br />0.029g (surface)


<ref name="AstDys-object">{{Cite web |title=Asteroid (1) Ceres – Summary |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.0&n=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726111025/https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1&pc=1.1.0 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=15 October 2019 |publisher=AstDyS-2}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="Horizons2022">{{Cite web |title=Horizons Batch for 1 Ceres on 2022-Dec-06 |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27Ceres%27&START_TIME=%272022-Dec-06%27&STOP_TIME=%272022-Dec-08%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20hour%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929081232/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27Ceres%27&START_TIME=%272022-Dec-06%27&STOP_TIME=%272022-Dec-08%27&STEP_SIZE=%271+hour%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |publisher=[[wikipedia:JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons|]] |type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive}} (Epoch 2021-Jul-01/Soln.date: 2021-Apr-13)</ref>-->
}}
}}
'''Ceres''' (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}},{{respell|SEER|eez}}), [[wikipedia:minor-planet designation|minor-planet designation]] '''1 Ceres''', is a [[wikipedia:dwarf planet|dwarf planet]] in the [[wikipedia:asteroid belt|asteroid belt]] between the orbits of [[wikipedia:Mars|Mars]] and [[wikipedia:Jupiter|Jupiter]]. It was the first [[wikipedia:asteroid|asteroid]] discovered, on 1 January 1801, by [[wikipedia:Giuseppe Piazzi|Giuseppe Piazzi]] at [[wikipedia:Palermo Astronomical Observatory|Palermo Astronomical Observatory]] in [[wikipedia:Sicily|Sicily]] and announced as a new [[wikipedia:planet|planet]]. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside [[wikipedia:Neptune|Neptune]]'s orbit.
[[File:Screenshot 2024-09-28 at 14.36.28.png|thumb|Ceres Transit color key]]
<div style="max-width:840px;">
[[File:Cerestransit.webp|A Transit Map of Ceres Station]]
<br/><br/>
[[File:Ceres Levels - Side View.webp|Ceres Levels - Side View]]
</div>

Latest revision as of 05:48, 29 September 2024

Ceres
A photo of the crater-marked surface of Ceres
Ceres in true color in 2015
Ceres
Pronunciation/ˈsɪəriːz/
DemonymCerecian, -ean (/sɪˈrɪəriən/)
Settlement Information
Population6 million documented citizens
GovernmentUnited Nations
Physical Characteristics
Diameter940km (before surface mining)
Gravity0.3g (interior spin)
0.029g (surface)

Ceres (pronounced /ˈsɪəriːz/,SEER-eez), minor-planet designation 1 Ceres, is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was the first asteroid discovered, on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi at Palermo Astronomical Observatory in Sicily and announced as a new planet. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside Neptune's orbit.

Ceres Transit color key

A Transit Map of Ceres Station

Ceres Levels - Side View

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