Ceres: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | background = #D6D6D6 | name = 1 Ceres | symbol = 24px|⚳| (historically astronomical, now mostly astrological) | image = Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg | caption = Ceres in true colour in 2015 | discovery_ref = <ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmadel |first=Lutz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15 |title=Dictionary of minor planet names |publisher=...")
 
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| mpc_name = 1 Ceres
| mpc_name = 1 Ceres
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}}, {{respell|SEER|eez}})
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}}, {{respell|SEER|eez}})
| named_after = [[wikipedia:Ceres (mythology)|Cerēs|]]
| named_after = [[wikipedia:Ceres (mythology)|Cerēs]]
| alt_names = <!--{{Hlist
| alt_names = <!--{{Hlist
  | A899 OF
  | A899 OF
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| semimajor = {{Convert|{{sigfig|2.76604|3}}|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}}
| semimajor = {{Convert|{{sigfig|2.76604|3}}|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}}
| eccentricity = {{val|{{sigfig|0.0785010|3}}}}
| eccentricity = {{val|{{sigfig|0.0785010|3}}}}
| period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|4.60041|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr|]]|{{val|{{sigfig|1680.300|3}}|u=d}}}}
| period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|4.60041|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr]]|{{val|{{sigfig|1680.300|3}}|u=d}}}}
| synodic_period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|1.278|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr|]]|{{sigfig|466.6|4}} [[wikipedia:Julian day|d|]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts |date=1802 |language=en |chapter=On The New Planet Ceres |access-date=29 May 2022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529201716/https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| synodic_period = {{ubl|{{sigfig|1.278|3}} [[wikipedia:julian year (astronomy)|yr]]|{{sigfig|466.6|4}} [[wikipedia:Julian day|d|]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts |date=1802 |language=en |chapter=On The New Planet Ceres |access-date=29 May 2022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529201716/https://books.google.com/books?id=81_YWtSQUhcC&pg=PA52 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| inclination = {{ubl|{{val|{{sigfig|10.58769|3}}|u=°}} to [[wikipedia:ecliptic|ecliptic]]|9.20° to [[wikipedia:invariable plane|invariable plane]]<ref name="Souami_Souchay_2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Souami |first1=D. |last2=Souchay |first2=J. |date=July 2012 |title=The solar system's invariable plane |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=543 |pages=11 |bibcode=2012A&A...543A.133S |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219011 |id=A133 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| inclination = {{ubl|{{val|{{sigfig|10.58769|3}}|u=°}} to [[wikipedia:ecliptic|ecliptic]]|9.20° to [[wikipedia:invariable plane|invariable plane]]<ref name="Souami_Souchay_2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Souami |first1=D. |last2=Souchay |first2=J. |date=July 2012 |title=The solar system's invariable plane |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=543 |pages=11 |bibcode=2012A&A...543A.133S |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219011 |id=A133 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| arg_peri = {{val|{{sigfig|73.63704|3}}|u=°}}
| arg_peri = {{val|{{sigfig|73.63704|3}}|u=°}}
Line 48: Line 48:
| surface_area = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|2772368|u=km2}}}}
| surface_area = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|2772368|u=km2}}}}
| volume = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|434130000|500000|u=km3}}<ref name="Park2018"/>}}
| volume = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|434130000|500000|u=km3}}<ref name="Park2018"/>}}
| mass = {{ubl|{{val|9.38392|e=20|u=kg|0.00005}}<ref name="Park2018"/>|{{val|0.00016|u=[[wikipedia:Earth mass|Earths|]]}}|0.0128 [[wikipedia:Moon|Moon]]s}}
| mass = {{ubl|{{val|9.38392|e=20|u=kg|0.00005}}<ref name="Park2018"/>|{{val|0.00016|u=[[wikipedia:Earth mass|Earths]]}}|0.0128 [[wikipedia:Moon|Moon]]s}}
| density = {{val|2.1616|0.0025|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=R.S. |last2=Vaughan |first2=A.T. |last3=Konopliv |first3=A.S. |last4=Ermakov |first4=A.I. |last5=Mastrodemos |first5=N. |last6=Castillo-Rogez |first6=J.C. |last7=Joy |first7=S.P. |last8=Nathues |first8=A. |last9=Polanskey |first9=C.A. |last10=Rayman |first10=M.D. |last11=Riedel |first11=J.E. |last12=Raymond |first12=C.A. |last13=Russell |first13=C.T. |last14=Zuber |first14=M.T. |title=High-resolution shape model of Ceres from stereophotoclinometry using Dawn Imaging Data |journal=Icarus |date=February 2019 |volume=319 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024|s2cid=126268402 }}</ref>
| density = {{val|2.1616|0.0025|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=R.S. |last2=Vaughan |first2=A.T. |last3=Konopliv |first3=A.S. |last4=Ermakov |first4=A.I. |last5=Mastrodemos |first5=N. |last6=Castillo-Rogez |first6=J.C. |last7=Joy |first7=S.P. |last8=Nathues |first8=A. |last9=Polanskey |first9=C.A. |last10=Rayman |first10=M.D. |last11=Riedel |first11=J.E. |last12=Raymond |first12=C.A. |last13=Russell |first13=C.T. |last14=Zuber |first14=M.T. |title=High-resolution shape model of Ceres from stereophotoclinometry using Dawn Imaging Data |journal=Icarus |date=February 2019 |volume=319 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024|s2cid=126268402 }}</ref>
| surface_grav = {{ubl|{{Gr|0.938|469.7|3}} [[wikipedia:Acceleration|m/s{{sup|2}}|]]|0.029 [[wikipedia:g-force|''g''|]]}}
| surface_grav = {{ubl|{{Gr|0.938|469.7|3}} [[wikipedia:Acceleration|m/s{{sup|2}}]]|0.026 [[wikipedia:g-force|''g'']]}}
| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.36|0.15}}<ref name="Mao2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=X. |last2=McKinnon |first2=W. B. |year=2018 |title=Faster paleospin and deep-seated uncompensated mass as possible explanations for Ceres' present-day shape and gravity |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=430–442 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..430M |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.033}}</ref> {{small|(estimate)}}
| moment_of_inertia_factor = {{val|0.36|0.15}}<ref name="Mao2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=X. |last2=McKinnon |first2=W. B. |year=2018 |title=Faster paleospin and deep-seated uncompensated mass as possible explanations for Ceres' present-day shape and gravity |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=430–442 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..430M |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.033}}</ref> {{small|(estimate)}}
| escape_velocity = {{V2|0.938|469.7|3}} km/s
{{val|{{sigfig|1140.89|4}}|u=mph}}
{{val|{{sigfig|1140.89|4}}|u=mph}}
| sidereal_day = {{val|9.074170|0.000001|u=h}}<ref name="jpl_sbdb" />
| rot_velocity = {{val|fmt=commas|1,179.3|u=m/s}}
| rot_velocity = {{val|92.61|u=m/s}}
| right_asc_north_pole = 291.42744°<ref name="Icarus2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Konopliv |first1=A.S. |last2=Park |first2=R.S. |last3=Vaughan |first3=A.T. |last4=Bills |first4=B.G. |last5=Asmar |first5=S.W. |last6=Ermakov |first6=A.I. |last7=Rambaux |first7=N. |last8=Raymond |first8=C.A. |last9=Castillo-Rogez |first9=J.C. |last10=Russell |first10=C.T. |last11=Smith |first11=D.E. |year=2018 |title=The Ceres gravity field, spin pole, rotation period and orbit from the Dawn radiometric tracking and optical data |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=411–429 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..411K |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.005 |last12=Zuber |first12=M.T.}}</ref>
| right_asc_north_pole = 291.42744°<ref name="Icarus2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Konopliv |first1=A.S. |last2=Park |first2=R.S. |last3=Vaughan |first3=A.T. |last4=Bills |first4=B.G. |last5=Asmar |first5=S.W. |last6=Ermakov |first6=A.I. |last7=Rambaux |first7=N. |last8=Raymond |first8=C.A. |last9=Castillo-Rogez |first9=J.C. |last10=Russell |first10=C.T. |last11=Smith |first11=D.E. |year=2018 |title=The Ceres gravity field, spin pole, rotation period and orbit from the Dawn radiometric tracking and optical data |journal=Icarus |volume=299 |pages=411–429 |bibcode=2018Icar..299..411K |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.005 |last12=Zuber |first12=M.T.}}</ref>
| declination = 66.76033°<ref name="SPICE">{{Cite web |title=Asteroid Ceres P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file |url=http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153501/https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=8 September 2019 |publisher=NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility}}</ref>
| declination = 66.76033°<ref name="SPICE">{{Cite web |title=Asteroid Ceres P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file |url=http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153501/https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/DAWN/kernels/pck/dawn_ceres_v06.tpc |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=8 September 2019 |publisher=NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility}}</ref>
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| min_temp_1 = ≈110
| min_temp_1 = ≈110
| max_temp_1 = 235±4<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Surface temperature of dwarf planet Ceres: Preliminary results from Dawn |journal=46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |first1=F.|last1=Tosi|first2=M. T.|last2=Capria|display-authors=etal|year=2015|page=11960 |bibcode=2015EGUGA..1711960T |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711960T/abstract |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
| max_temp_1 = 235±4<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Surface temperature of dwarf planet Ceres: Preliminary results from Dawn |journal=46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |first1=F.|last1=Tosi|first2=M. T.|last2=Capria|display-authors=etal|year=2015|page=11960 |bibcode=2015EGUGA..1711960T |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1711960T/abstract |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
| spectral_type = [[wikipedia:C-type asteroid|C|]]<ref name="Rivkin2006">{{Cite journal |last1=Rivkin |first1=A. S. |last2=Volquardsen, E. L. |last3=Clark, B. E. |year=2006 |title=The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays |url=http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Icarus |volume=185 |issue=2 |pages=563–567 |bibcode=2006Icar..185..563R |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128201130/http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 |access-date=8 December 2007}}</ref>
| spectral_type = [[wikipedia:C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="Rivkin2006">{{Cite journal |last1=Rivkin |first1=A. S. |last2=Volquardsen, E. L. |last3=Clark, B. E. |year=2006 |title=The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays |url=http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Icarus |volume=185 |issue=2 |pages=563–567 |bibcode=2006Icar..185..563R |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128201130/http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~elv/icarus185.563.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 |access-date=8 December 2007}}</ref>
| magnitude = {{ubl
| magnitude = {{ubl
  |7.6<ref name="skyand">{{Cite web |title=Let's Get Serious About Ceres |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/lets-get-serious-about-ceres/|access-date=25 July 2022|last=King|first=Bob|date=5 August 2015 |publisher=[[wikipedia:Sky & Telescope|]]}}</ref>
  |7.6<ref name="skyand">{{Cite web |title=Let's Get Serious About Ceres |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/lets-get-serious-about-ceres/|access-date=25 July 2022|last=King|first=Bob|date=5 August 2015 |publisher=[[wikipedia:Sky & Telescope|]]}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:32, 17 July 2023

1 Ceres
Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg
Ceres in true colour in 2015
Discovery[1]
Discovered byGiuseppe Piazzi
Discovery date1 January 1801
Designations
1 Ceres
Pronunciation/ˈsɪəriːz/, SEER-eez)
Named after
Cerēs
AdjectivesCererian, -ean (/sɪˈrɪəriən/)
Symbol24px|⚳| (historically astronomical, now mostly astrological)
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 21 January 2022 (JD| 2459600.5 )
Aphelion2.98 AU (446 million km)
Perihelion2.55 AU (381 million km)
2.77 AU (414 million km)
Eccentricity0.0785
  • 4.60 yr
  • 1680 d
17.9 km/s
291.4°
Inclination
80.3°
7 December 2022
73.6°
SatellitesNone
Proper orbital elements[5]
2.77 AU
0.116
9.65°
78.2 deg / yr
4.60358 yr
(1681.458 d)
Precession of perihelion
54.1 arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node
−59.2 arcsec / yr
Physical characteristics
Dimensions(966.2 × 962.0 × 891.8) ± 0.2 km[6]
Mean diameter
939.4±0.2 km[6]
2,772,368 km2
Volume434,130,000±500,000 km3[7]
Mass
Mean density
2.1616±0.0025 g/cm3[7]
Equatorial surface gravity
0.36±0.15[8] (estimate) 1141 mph
Equatorial rotation velocity
1,179.3 m/s
≈4°
North pole right ascension
291.42744°[9]
North pole declination
66.76033°[10]
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin ≈110 235±4[11]
C[12]
3.34[2]
0.854″ to 0.339″

Ceres (pronounced /ˈsɪəriːz/,[15] SEER-eez), minor-planet designation 1 Ceres, is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was the first asteroid discovered, on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi at Palermo Astronomical Observatory in Sicily and announced as a new planet. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside Neptune's orbit.

References

  1. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (5th ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1 Ceres". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  3. ↑ "On The New Planet Ceres". A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts. 1802. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  4. ↑ Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (July 2012). "The solar system's invariable plane". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 543: 11. Bibcode:2012A&A...543A.133S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219011. A133.
  5. ↑ "AstDyS-2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo‐Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017). "Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 122 (11): 2267–2293. doi:10.1002/2017JE005302. S2CID 133739176.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Park, R.S.; Vaughan, A.T.; Konopliv, A.S.; Ermakov, A.I.; Mastrodemos, N.; Castillo-Rogez, J.C.; Joy, S.P.; Nathues, A.; Polanskey, C.A.; Rayman, M.D.; Riedel, J.E.; Raymond, C.A.; Russell, C.T.; Zuber, M.T. (February 2019). "High-resolution shape model of Ceres from stereophotoclinometry using Dawn Imaging Data". Icarus. 319: 812–827. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024. S2CID 126268402.
  8. ↑ Mao, X.; McKinnon, W. B. (2018). "Faster paleospin and deep-seated uncompensated mass as possible explanations for Ceres' present-day shape and gravity". Icarus. 299: 430–442. Bibcode:2018Icar..299..430M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.033.
  9. ↑ Konopliv, A.S.; Park, R.S.; Vaughan, A.T.; Bills, B.G.; Asmar, S.W.; Ermakov, A.I.; Rambaux, N.; Raymond, C.A.; Castillo-Rogez, J.C.; Russell, C.T.; Smith, D.E.; Zuber, M.T. (2018). "The Ceres gravity field, spin pole, rotation period and orbit from the Dawn radiometric tracking and optical data". Icarus. 299: 411–429. Bibcode:2018Icar..299..411K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.005.
  10. ↑ "Asteroid Ceres P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file". NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  11. ↑ Tosi, F.; Capria, M. T.; et al. (2015). "Surface temperature of dwarf planet Ceres: Preliminary results from Dawn". 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 11960. Bibcode:2015EGUGA..1711960T. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  12. ↑ Rivkin, A. S.; Volquardsen, E. L.; Clark, B. E. (2006). "The surface composition of Ceres: Discovery of carbonates and iron-rich clays" (PDF). Icarus. 185 (2): 563–567. Bibcode:2006Icar..185..563R. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
  13. ↑ King, Bob (5 August 2015). "Let's Get Serious About Ceres". [[wikipedia:Sky & Telescope|]]. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  14. ↑ "Asteroid (1) Ceres – Summary". AstDyS-2. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  15. ↑ "Ceres". [[wikipedia:Lexico|]] UK English Dictionary. [[wikipedia:Oxford University Press|]]. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020.
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